📜 History of the Gregorian Calendar
公历取代了 儒略历, which had been in use since 46 BCE under Julius Caesar. The Julian calendar assumed a year of exactly 365.25 days, but the actual solar year is approximately 365.2422 days — a difference of about 11 minutes per year. By the 16th century, this had caused the calendar to drift by about 10 days, moving the vernal equinox (important for calculating Easter) away from 三月 21.
In 十月 1582, 教皇格里高利十三世 introduced the reformed calendar, skipping 10 天 (十月 4 was followed by 十月 15) and adjusting the leap year rules to prevent future drift. The reform was gradually adopted across the world over the following centuries.
📅 Structure: Months of the 年
The Gregorian calendar has 12 months with a total of 365 天 (366 in a leap year). The names of the months come from Latin and Roman traditions.
| # | 月 | 天 | 拉丁语源 | 季节 (N. Hemisphere) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 一月 | 31 | 雅努斯(起始之神) | 冬季 |
| 2 | 二月 | 28 (闰年29天) | Februa(净化节) | 冬季 |
| 3 | 三月 | 31 | 玛尔斯(战神) | 春季 |
| 4 | 四月 | 30 | Aperire(开启) | 春季 |
| 5 | 5月 | 31 | 迈亚(成长女神) | 春季 |
| 6 | 六月 | 30 | 朱诺(众神之后) | 夏季 |
| 7 | 七月 | 31 | 尤利乌斯·凯撒 | 夏季 |
| 8 | 八月 | 31 | 奥古斯都·凯撒 | 夏季 |
| 9 | 九月 | 30 | Septem (seven — 7th in old calendar) | 秋季 |
| 10 | 十月 | 31 | Octo (eight) | 秋季 |
| 11 | 十一月 | 30 | Novem (nine) | 秋季 |
| 12 | 十二月 | 31 | Decem (ten) | 冬季 |
🗓 Leap 年 Checker
A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, except for century years (divisible by 100), which must also be divisible by 400.
⚖️ Gregorian vs. Other Calendars
| Calendar | 类型 | 年长度 | 纪元开始 | 当前年份(公元2026年) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 公历 | 阳历 | 365.2425 天 | 公元1年(基督诞生) | 2026 |
| 儒略历 | 阳历 | 365.25 天 | 公元前45年 | 2026(落后13天) |
| 伊斯兰历 | 阴历 | 354.37 天 | 公元622年(希吉拉) | 1447–1448 AH |
| 希伯来历 | 阴阳历 | 353–385 天 | 公元前3761年(创世) | 5786–5787 AM |
| 波斯历(太阳历) | 阳历 | 365.2422 天 | 公元622年(希吉拉) | 1404–1405 SH |
| 农历 | 阴阳历 | 354–384 天 | 公元前2697年(黄帝) | 年 4724 |