暦システム

グレゴリオ暦

The world's most widely used civil calendar. Introduced by 教皇グレゴリウス13世 in 1582, it reformed the older ユリウス暦 to more accurately track the solar year.

1582
導入年
365.25
年間平均日数
12
月
52
週 per year
195+
使用国
400
年周期(閏年)

📜 History of the Gregorian Calendar

グレゴリオ暦が置き換えたのは ユリウス暦, which had been in use since 46 BCE under Julius Caesar. The Julian calendar assumed a year of exactly 365.25 days, but the actual solar year is approximately 365.2422 days — a difference of about 11 minutes per year. By the 16th century, this had caused the calendar to drift by about 10 days, moving the vernal equinox (important for calculating Easter) away from 3月 21.

In 10月 1582, 教皇グレゴリウス13世 introduced the reformed calendar, skipping 10 日 (10月 4 was followed by 10月 15) and adjusting the leap year rules to prevent future drift. The reform was gradually adopted across the world over the following centuries.

紀元前46年
ユリウス・カエサルがユリウス暦を導入
Established a 365-day year with a leap year every 4 years. Replaced the older Roman calendar.
325 CE
ニカイア公会議が復活祭の日付を統一
Tied the calculation of Easter to the vernal equinox — which would later drift due to ユリウス暦 inaccuracy.
1582
教皇グレゴリウス13世がグレゴリオ暦を導入
10月 4 was followed directly by 10月 15, correcting the 10-day drift. New leap year rules introduced.
1752
英国とアメリカ植民地がグレゴリオ暦を採用
By then 11 日 had to be dropped. 9月 2 was followed by 9月 14, 1752.
1873
日本 adopts the Gregorian calendar
Meiji-era 日本 officially switched from the lunisolar calendar to the Gregorian system.
1923
ギリシャが最後にグレゴリオ暦を採用した欧州国となる
Greece had to skip 13 日, jumping from 2月 15 to 3月 1, 1923.

📅 Structure: Months of the 年

The Gregorian calendar has 12 months with a total of 365 日 (366 in a leap year). The names of the months come from Latin and Roman traditions.

#月日ラテン語の語源季節 (N. Hemisphere)
11月31ヤヌス(始まりの神)冬
22月28 (閏年は29日)フェブルア(清めの祭り)冬
33月31マルス(軍神)春
44月30Aperire(開く)春
55月31マイア(成長の女神)春
66月30ユノ(神々の女王)夏
77月31ユリウス・カエサル夏
88月31アウグストゥス夏
99月30Septem (seven — 7th in old calendar)秋
1010月31Octo (eight)秋
1111月30Novem (nine)秋
1212月31Decem (ten)冬

🗓 Leap 年 Checker

A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, except for century years (divisible by 100), which must also be divisible by 400.

⚖️ Gregorian vs. Other Calendars

Calendar種類年の長さ紀元開始現在の年(西暦2026年)
グレゴリオ暦太陽暦365.2425 日西暦1年(キリスト生誕)2026
ユリウス暦太陽暦365.25 日紀元前45年2026(13日遅れ)
ヒジュラ暦(イスラム)太陰暦354.37 日西暦622年(ヒジュラ)1447–1448 AH
ヘブライ暦太陰太陽暦353–385 日紀元前3761年(天地創造)5786–5787 AM
ペルシャ暦(太陽ヒジュラ暦)太陽暦365.2422 日西暦622年(ヒジュラ)1404–1405 SH
中国暦太陰太陽暦354–384 日紀元前2697年(黄帝)年 4724

🌐 Explore Other Calendar Systems