Systèmes calendaires

Le calendrier grégorien

The world's most widely used civil calendar. Introduced by Pape Grégoire XIII in 1582, it reformed the older calendrier julien to more accurately track the solar year.

1582
Année d'introduction
365.25
Jours moy. par an
12
Mois
52
Semaines per year
195+
Pays l'utilisant
400
Cycle annuel (années bissextiles)

📜 History of the Gregorian Calendar

Le calendrier grégorien a remplacé le calendrier julien, which had been in use since 46 BCE under Julius Caesar. The Julian calendar assumed a year of exactly 365.25 days, but the actual solar year is approximately 365.2422 days — a difference of about 11 minutes per year. By the 16th century, this had caused the calendar to drift by about 10 days, moving the vernal equinox (important for calculating Easter) away from Mars 21.

In Octobre 1582, Pape Grégoire XIII introduced the reformed calendar, skipping 10 jours (Octobre 4 was followed by Octobre 15) and adjusting the leap year rules to prevent future drift. The reform was gradually adopted across the world over the following centuries.

46 av. J.-C.
Calendrier julien introduit par Jules César
Established a 365-day year with a leap year every 4 years. Replaced the older Roman calendar.
325 CE
Le concile de Nicée standardise la date de Pâques
Tied the calculation of Easter to the vernal equinox — which would later drift due to calendrier julien inaccuracy.
1582
Calendrier grégorien introduit par le pape Grégoire XIII
Octobre 4 was followed directly by Octobre 15, correcting the 10-day drift. New leap year rules introduced.
1752
La Grande-Bretagne et les colonies américaines adoptent le calendrier grégorien
By then 11 jours had to be dropped. Septembre 2 was followed by Septembre 14, 1752.
1873
Japon adopts the Gregorian calendar
Meiji-era Japon officially switched from the lunisolar calendar to the Gregorian system.
1923
La Grèce est le dernier pays européen à l'adopter
Greece had to skip 13 jours, jumping from Février 15 to Mars 1, 1923.

📅 Structure: Months of the Année

The Gregorian calendar has 12 months with a total of 365 jours (366 in a leap year). The names of the months come from Latin and Roman traditions.

#MoisJoursOrigine latineSaison (N. Hemisphere)
1Janvier31Janus (dieu des commencements)Hiver
2Février28 (29 en année bissextile)Februa (fête de purification)Hiver
3Mars31Mars (dieu de la guerre)Printemps
4Avril30Aperire (ouvrir)Printemps
5Mai31Maia (déesse de la croissance)Printemps
6Juin30Junon (reine des dieux)Été
7Juillet31Jules CésarÉté
8Août31Auguste CésarÉté
9Septembre30Septem (seven — 7th in old calendar)Automne
10Octobre31Octo (eight)Automne
11Novembre30Novem (nine)Automne
12Décembre31Decem (ten)Hiver

🗓 Leap Année Checker

A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, except for century years (divisible by 100), which must also be divisible by 400.

⚖️ Gregorian vs. Other Calendars

CalendarTypeDurée de l'annéeDébut de l'èreAnnée actuelle (2026 apr. J.-C.)
GrégorienSolaire365.2425 jours1 apr. J.-C. (naissance du Christ)2026
JulienSolaire365.25 jours45 av. J.-C.2026 (13 jours de retard)
Hégirien (islamique)Lunaire354.37 jours622 apr. J.-C. (Hégire)1447–1448 AH
HébraïqueLuni-solaire353–385 jours3761 av. J.-C. (création)5786–5787 AM
Persan (hégirien solaire)Solaire365.2422 jours622 apr. J.-C. (Hégire)1404–1405 SH
ChinoisLuni-solaire354–384 jours2697 av. J.-C. (Empereur Jaune)Année 4724

🌐 Explore Other Calendar Systems